We’re definitely proponents of getting your child with ASD the therapy they need (after all, that’s what we do). But the reality is, what a therapist does with your child the occasional times they are with them is NOT enough. All therapies, and especially ABA therapy, are most effective when the behaviors and life skills taught in the therapy session are also practiced at home.
以下 20 项活动正是您可以在家与孩子一起进行的：
- 社区帮手 通过装扮游戏、书籍或使用小人或类似玩具的想象游戏，向孩子介绍各种社区帮助者。教孩子了解每个社区帮助者的工作，孩子可能在哪里见到他们，并回答他们可能提出的任何问题。为了让游戏更上一层楼，您甚至可以带孩子去见社区帮助者，包括消防员、邮递员、警察等等。
- 游戏日期 Set up a play date with your child’s therapist, and another child and their therapist. Have the children practice the social skills and play skills they’ve learned in therapy. You can set up this special kind of play date in a public setting, such as a playground, or in your home.
- 轮流。 让您的孩子与他们的朋友或兄弟姐妹一起玩以轮流发言为主题的游戏。其他玩家可以为您的孩子示范适当的轮流。
- 社会团体。 向您的 ABA 治疗师咨询，与您的孩子和一些社交技能相似的同伴一起建立一个社交小组。在社交小组中，治疗师会教孩子适当的社交技巧，然后让他们与小组中的其他孩子一起练习。
- 面部表情 教您的孩子通过观察别人的表情来辨别他们的感受。您可以通过各种表情的人物图片，或亲自示范来实现这一点。让您的孩子在学习下一个表情之前，先为每个表情准确命名。
- 合适的服装。 Use paper dolls and a large assortment of paper clothing to teach your child about weather-appropriate clothing. You can show your child a picture of a specific season, such as a winter landscape, or just call out “winter,” and show your child how to properly dress the doll for the weather. When you have covered all types of weather, have your child dress the doll for a specific kind of weather on their own.
- 小厨师 让您的孩子在厨房帮忙，学习烹饪的基本知识。教孩子烹饪的安全规则、如何测量食材、何时向大人求助，以及如何保证食物的安全和无菌。
- 卫生、自我保健和仪容仪表。 给孩子看一张照片，照片上的孩子看起来没洗干净、不修边幅，而另一张照片上的孩子则干净整洁、仪表端庄。问孩子为什么他们认为这两个孩子看起来如此不同。接下来，教孩子正确的卫生、自我保健和仪容仪表。包括每天多次洗澡和洗漱、刷牙等基本知识。您还可以谈谈自我保健和仪容仪表，如使用除臭剂（如果适合孩子的年龄）、保持指甲修剪和清洁以及每天梳头。
- 整理和清洁. Purchase some fun, colorful bins for your child’s toys and various possessions, label each one clearly (using words for readers, and pictures for non-readers), and help your child organize their stuff. Have your child clean up their rooms on a regular basis using these bins.
- 家务. Speak to your child’s ABA therapist about chores you’d like your child to do at home on a regular basis. Your child’s therapist can set up a chore system with your child, which you can implement at home. The therapist will help monitor the system and verify whether it is working or needs adjustments of any kind.
- 阅读和阅读理解. If your child knows how to read, ask their ABA therapist to practice reading during therapy sessions. In addition, you can have the therapist ask questions about the books your child reads to see if your child is following along with the book and can remember details about what they’ve read. You can do this at home too, by implementing a daily reading time for your child.
- 调制声音. Teach your child to speak and play at an appropriate volume by playing sounds for them at various volumes and asking which ones sound pleasant and appropriate for different settings. You can teach your child about “outdoor voices” and “indoor voices”, and explain that noises we make when inside have nowhere to go, and sound a lot louder than the same noises we might make outside.
- 家庭作业 If your child has difficulty completing their homework, you can ask their ABA therapist to work on this skill with them during a therapy session. Have the therapist practice skills such as establishing a time in the child’s daily schedule for doing homework, preparing supplies the child might need for their work, and how to complete their work in a timely manner.
- 基本信息 It’s important for every child to know their phone number and home address, in case of an emergency. Share this information with your child and have them practice repeating it until they can say it easily.
- 个人空间。 Some children with ASD struggle with spatial awareness and may act inappropriately around strangers, often making them uncomfortable by being in their personal space. Ask your child’s therapist about helping your child develop an awareness of personal space and practice this skill at home. Model appropriate space-sharing for your child, and have them role-play with you or by using small dolls so they can truly master this crucial skill.
Therapy is an ongoing partnership between a child’s therapist and their parents. By communicating openly with your child’s therapist and practicing skills learned in therapy at home, you’ll help your child’s therapy be more effective so that your child succeed.
However, for the parents of children with ASD, summertime can be especially challenging. The change in the child’s daily schedule, lack of a regular routine, as well as travel to unfamiliar places and spending time with extended family who may not understand autism, can all be triggering for the child.
好消息是，只要计划得当，您仍然可以和孩子一起享受暑期时光。以下五条建议可以帮助您和您的孩子度过一个平静、放松和超级有趣的暑假。
- 创建每日日程表
学校放假了，您的孩子可能不知道如何充实自己的时间。对于不善于自娱自乐的孩子来说，空虚的日子可能会让他们一触即发。
Avoid this and keep your child—and yourself—happy by creating a daily schedule for summer days. You can do this together with your child or work on it alone, being careful to fill time slots from wakeup time until bedtime. Allow for free play in small intervals throughout the day and build daily behaviors, such as brushing teeth and showering, into the schedule as well. If your child will be receiving therapy in the summer, be sure to incorporate these sessions into the schedule as well.
When your schedule is complete, hang it in a prominent place where your child can reference it as needed. You may want to hang more than one copy around the house, such as sticking one up on the fridge, and another on the wall in your child’s bedroom. If your child is too young to read, use pictures to show activities on the schedule instead of written words.
稳定的日常作息时间会让孩子更容易适应暑期松散的日程安排。
- 在计划活动和旅行时评估孩子的能力
Before you make any definitive summer plans, take an honest assessment of your child’s abilities and threshold of tolerance. It’s likely not a good idea to challenge that tolerance during your annual vacation or at the family reunion weekend. Instead, try to choose activities and trips that your child can easily handle. Consider hobbies and interests that your child would love to explore during the school months. Look for ways your child can build on those interests during their expanded free time in the summer. Finally, when planning activities and trips, avoid those that can cause sensory overload and upset your child.
- 认真准备旅行
Day trips and longer getaways are a fixture in the American summer. As a family with a child on the autism spectrum, you know that things will be a little different for you and that a change in your child’s surroundings can be triggering. These tips can help keep things calm on trips:
- 让孩子提前做好准备 在出发前，与孩子谈谈这次旅行，让他们知道会发生什么。如果可能的话，给他们看看目的地的照片，这样他们对新环境就不会感到完全惊讶了。您甚至可以为旅行日或多日假期制定一个日程表，让孩子知道在整个旅行期间应该做些什么。
- 提前致电您的目的地，了解他们是否能满足任何感官方面的需求。 Let them know you have a child with autism and share your child’s specific struggles. Some venues will agree to lower the music for a child with auditory sensitivity. Some airlines allow a child with ASD to board the plane before takeoff so they can explore their new surroundings.
- 带来舒适 家里的小慰藉，如最喜欢的毯子、泰迪熊或感官玩具，都能让您的孩子成为一名快乐的旅行者。
- 制定紧急备份计划。 确保为旅途中可能发生的任何情况做好计划。带上您偶尔会用到的镇静药物。带上孩子的照片，以防他们走失。如果您的第一选择对您的孩子来说是一场灾难，请考虑另一个出游方案。
只要计划得当，您就可以和全家人一起享受一次愉快的旅行。
- 提前与家人沟通
If your summer plans include visits to or from extended family members you don’t see often, it’s best to communicate with them in advance about your child’s specific needs and behaviors. For example, you can let them know your child is most comfortable seated on their own chair as opposed to squeezing together with their cousins on a bench. You can tell them that your child prefers not to be hugged or kissed and let them know that you will be bringing your own food for your child, if relevant. The more you communicate in advance, the less room you’ll leave for meltdowns and misunderstandings.
- Don’t neglect practicing academic, social and behavioral skills
School is out, but that doesn’t mean it’s time to neglect your child’s schoolwork. Make sure to build time into your daily schedule for summer homework, or for practicing schoolwork in another way, such as through an educational app or online game. Similarly, it’s important to incorporate time for any “therapy homework” your child may need to do at home, such as practicing social and behavioral skills they’ve learned in therapy.
有 ASD 谱系儿童的暑假可能会与神经畸形儿童家庭的暑假有些不同，但只要调整期望值并提前做好计划，您就可以与全家人一起享受一个愉快的暑假。
